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    What Is a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) and How Does It Work?

    Learn what CGM devices like FreeStyle Libre and Dexcom do, how people with diabetes use them, and how to read the data.

    4 min read 5 stepsApril 20, 2026Verified April 2026
    1

    Talk to your doctor about whether a CGM is right for you

    ~20s
    CGMs are most commonly prescribed to people with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes who take insulin, but guidelines are expanding. Ask your primary care doctor or endocrinologist whether you qualify and whether Medicare or your insurance covers the cost. Most people pay little or nothing out of pocket with proper coverage.
    2

    Download the companion app before applying the sensor

    ~19s
    Each CGM brand has its own smartphone app. Search the App Store or Google Play for "FreeStyle LibreLink" or "Dexcom G7." Download and create an account before you apply your first sensor. The app will guide you through pairing.

    Quick Tip

    Make sure your phone's Bluetooth is turned on. The sensor communicates with your phone wirelessly.

    3

    Apply the sensor to your skin

    ~25s
    Each sensor comes with a one-click applicator. Clean the skin site with an alcohol wipe and let it dry. Press the applicator firmly against your skin and click — the sensor attaches automatically. It stings briefly, if at all. Open the app and scan or pair the new sensor. It typically needs a one- to two-hour warm-up period.

    Warning

    Apply sensors only to the body sites approved for your specific device. Using unapproved sites can give inaccurate readings.

    4

    Read your glucose level and trend arrow

    ~21s
    Open the app to see your current reading in mg/dL and a trend arrow. One arrow pointing straight right means stable. An arrow angling up or down means it is changing slowly. Two arrows pointing sharply up or down means it is changing rapidly and you may need to act soon. Follow the response guidelines your doctor gave you.
    5

    Review your glucose history and patterns

    ~17s
    Both apps show a graph of the past 24 hours and weekly summaries. Look for patterns — do your readings spike at the same time each day? Do they drop during the night? Bring this data to your doctor appointments so you can adjust your treatment plan together.

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    A continuous glucose monitor, or CGM, is a small medical device that tracks your blood sugar levels throughout the day and night — without you having to prick your finger every few hours. It is one of the most significant advances in diabetes management in recent years.

    How it works: A tiny sensor is applied to your skin (usually the back of the upper arm or the abdomen). The sensor has a very thin filament that rests beneath the skin and measures glucose in the fluid between your cells. It sends readings to a receiver device or directly to your smartphone, typically every one to five minutes.

    The two most widely used CGMs in the United States are FreeStyle Libre (made by Abbott) and Dexcom (made by Dexcom Inc.). Both have smartphone apps that display your current glucose level, a trend arrow showing whether it is rising or falling, and a graph of the past several hours.

    The trend arrow is especially important. A number of 140 mg/dL with a straight horizontal arrow means your sugar is steady. The same number with a rapidly rising arrow means it could be much higher in 15 minutes and you should act sooner. This real-time trend information is something finger sticks cannot give you.

    CGMs require a prescription and are covered by Medicare Part B for people with diabetes who meet certain criteria. Many private insurance plans also cover them. Your doctor or endocrinologist sets up the prescription and trains you to apply the sensors correctly.

    The sensors typically last 10–14 days before you replace them. They are generally water-resistant but check your specific device's guidelines.

    Quick Tip: The Dexcom G7 and FreeStyle Libre 3 both send alerts to your phone if your glucose goes too high or too low — even while you are sleeping.

    Important disclaimer: This guide is for informational purposes only. CGM devices are medical tools that require a prescription. They do not replace professional medical supervision. Always follow your doctor's instructions for managing your diabetes and interpreting your glucose readings.

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