How to Shop for Health Insurance on HealthCare.gov

HealthCare.gov is the federal government's marketplace for buying health insurance under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). If you do not have health coverage through an employer, Medicare, or Medicaid, the marketplace is where you shop for individual and family health plans. Most people who enroll qualify for financial help that significantly lowers their monthly premium.

The main enrollment period runs from November 1 through January 15 each year. Outside of that window, you can only enroll if you qualify for a Special Enrollment Period — which opens when you experience a major life change such as losing job-based coverage, getting married, having a baby, or moving to a new area.

To start, go to healthcare.gov and click "Get Coverage." Create an account using your email address and a secure password, then verify your email. Once your account is set up, the application walks you through entering information about your household — names, dates of birth, and Social Security numbers for each person who needs coverage. You will also estimate your total household income for the upcoming year.

The income information is important because it determines your eligibility for premium tax credits — subsidies that reduce your monthly cost. These credits are available to people earning between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level, and in recent years temporary expansions have extended credits to higher income levels as well. Even if you earn a moderate income, it is worth completing the application to see what assistance you qualify for.

After entering your household information, HealthCare.gov will show you all available plans in your area organized into four metal tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. Bronze plans have the lowest monthly premium but the highest deductible and out-of-pocket costs when you use care. Platinum plans have the highest premium but lowest out-of-pocket costs. Silver plans are often the best overall value, especially if you qualify for cost-sharing reductions (which are only available on Silver plans).

When comparing plans, look at the monthly premium (what you pay every month regardless of care), the deductible (what you pay out of pocket before insurance kicks in), and the out-of-pocket maximum (the most you will ever pay in a year). Also check that your current doctors and any regular prescriptions are covered under each plan.

Once you choose a plan, complete your enrollment. Your coverage does not start until you pay your first premium directly to the insurance company — HealthCare.gov does not handle the payment. Watch for a bill or payment instructions from the insurance company, and pay it by the deadline shown.

If you need help, free, unbiased assistance is available through trained navigators and certified application counselors. Find one at localhelp.healthcare.gov.